Spina bifida surgery

Dr. Dilip S. Kiyawat, Leading Spine & Neurosurgeon in the Field of SPINA BIFIDA SURGERY

Spina bifida is a congenital neural tube defect that occurs during early foetal development when the neural tube, which forms the spinal cord, fails to close properly. This condition results in incomplete closure of the vertebrae, leaving the spinal cord exposed.

Spina bifida occulta is the mildest form, often presenting with a small gap
in the spine without visible signs on skin.

Meningocele involves a sac of cerebrospinal fluid but no spinal cord involvement. Myelomeningocele is
the most severe form, where the spinal cord and its protective covering
protrude through an opening in the spine causing swelling on the back,
leading to potential paralysis.

Prenatal screening and diagnosis through ultrasound and blood tests such
as higher levels of alpha-fetoprotein are essential to diagnose this condition
early. Spina bifida can cause a range of complications, including motor and
sensory impairments, bladder and bowel dysfunction, and hydrocephalus
(accumulation of fluid in the brain).

Management includes surgical interventions to close the spinal opening,
and shunt placement for hydrocephalus. Lifelong multidisciplinary care is
essential to improve the quality of life for individuals with spina bifida.

Surgical intervention is often necessary to address complications and prevent further damage.

During surgery, the surgeon will put the spinal cord and any exposed tissues or nerves back into the correct place. Although this will repair the defect, it cannot the existing nerve damage.

Causes

Spina bifida is a neural tube defect that occurs during the early stages of pregnancy when the neural tube, which forms the spinal cord, fails to close completely.

Symptoms

Meningocele A sac of fluid protrudes through an opening in the spine, but the spinal cord remains intact. This form is generally less severe.

Treatment

Closure of the Spinal Opening Surgical repair is typically performed shortly after birth to close the opening in the spine.

Rehabilitation

Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Training: Techniques to promote independence in daily tasks.